Shockwave Therapy for Jumper’s Knee (Patellar Tendinopathy/Tendinitis)

Understanding Jumper’s Knee

What is Jumper’s Knee?

Jumper’s knee, also known as patellar tendinopathy or patellar tendinitis, is a condition characterised by pain and inflammation in the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia). This condition is common among athletes who engage in sports that involve frequent jumping, such as basketball, volleyball, and track and field.

Causes and Risk Factors

Jumper’s knee typically develops due to overuse or repetitive strain on the patellar tendon. Factors that can contribute to the development of this condition include:

• Repeated jumping or landing activities that put stress on the patellar tendon
• Sudden increases in training intensity or frequency
• Tightness or weakness in the quadriceps or hamstring muscles
• Biomechanical issues, such as knee misalignment or foot pronation
• Inadequate warm-up or cool-down routines
• Playing on hard surfaces or with improper footwear

Shockwave Therapy for Jumper’s Knee

What is Shockwave Therapy?

Shockwave therapy, also called extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT), is a non-invasive treatment that uses high-energy sound waves to stimulate healing in damaged tissues. The shockwaves are delivered through a handheld device applied to the skin over the affected area, targeting the patellar tendon in the case of Jumper’s knee.

How Shockwave Therapy Works

While the exact mechanisms of shockwave therapy are not fully understood, it is believed to promote healing through several pathways:

• Increasing blood flow and metabolism in the treated area to promote tissue repair
• Breaking up calcifications or scar tissue that may be contributing to pain and inflammation
• Stimulating the release of growth factors and other biochemicals that promote healing
• Reducing pain by modulating nerve impulses and decreasing sensitivity

The Shockwave Therapy Procedure for Jumper’s Knee

Shockwave therapy for jumper’s knee is an outpatient procedure typically taking 15-30 minutes per session. The process involves the following steps:

1. The patient lies on their back with the affected knee slightly bent
2. A gel is applied to the skin over the patellar tendon to facilitate shockwave transmission
3. The physiotherapist positions the handheld device on the skin and delivers the shockwaves to the affected area
4. Some discomfort or pain may be experienced during the procedure, but this is generally well-tolerated
5. After the session, the patient can usually return to normal activities, although temporary soreness or swelling may occur

Treatment Protocol and Expected Outcomes

The number of shockwave therapy sessions needed for Jumper’s knee varies depending on the severity of the condition and individual response to treatment. A typical treatment protocol may include:

• 3-5 sessions, scheduled 1-2 weeks apart
• Progressive improvement in symptoms over the course of treatment
• Continuation of a stretching and strengthening programme to prevent recurrence

Studies have demonstrated that shockwave therapy can be an effective treatment option for jumper’s knee, with many patients experiencing significant reductions in pain and improved function following treatment.

Complementary Treatments and Prevention Strategies

Combining Shockwave Therapy with Other Modalities

Shockwave therapy can be a powerful tool in managing Jumper’s knee, but it is often most effective when combined with other treatment modalities, such as:

• Physical therapy to address muscle imbalances, improve flexibility, and correct biomechanical issues
• Knee straps or braces to reduce stress on the patellar tendon during activity
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or ice therapy to manage pain and inflammation
• Gradual return to sport or activity, with modifications as needed to prevent further injury

Preventing Jumper’s Knee

To reduce the risk of developing Jumper’s knee, consider the following prevention strategies:

• Gradually increase training intensity and duration, allowing the body time to adapt
• Maintain flexibility and strength in the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles through regular stretching and exercise
• Use proper jumping and landing techniques, with a focus on softening landings and avoiding excessive knee flexion
• Wear appropriate footwear that provides adequate support and cushioning for your specific sport or activity
• Listen to your body and rest when necessary to avoid overuse injuries

At MSKClinic, we offer shockwave therapy as part of our comprehensive approach to treating jumper’s knee and other musculoskeletal conditions. Our skilled physiotherapists work closely with each patient to develop a personalised treatment plan incorporating the latest evidence-based techniques and a strong focus on patient education and empowerment. If you are experiencing symptoms of jumper’s knee, contact us today to learn more about how shockwave therapy and our other services can help you find relief and get back to the activities you love.